(b) Production and decomposition
|
Production |
Decomposition |
|
It is the rate of producing organic matter (food) by producers. |
It is the process of breaking down of complex organic matter or biomass from the body of dead plants and animals with the help of decomposers into organic raw materials. |
|
It depends on the photosynthetic capacity of the producers. |
It occurs with the help of decomposers. |
|
Sunlight is required by plants for primary production. |
Sunlight is not required for decomposition by decomposers. |
(c) Upright and inverted pyramid
|
Upright pyramid |
Inverted pyramid |
|
The pyramid of energy is always upright. |
The pyramid of biomass and the pyramid of numbers can be inverted. |
|
The number and biomass of organisms in the producer level of an ecosystem is the highest, which keeps on decreasing at each trophic level in a food chain. |
The number and biomass of organisms in the producer level of an ecosystem is the lowest, which keeps on increasing at each tropic level. Light is not required for decomposition by decomposers |
(d) Food chain and Food web
|
Food chain |
Food web |
|
Food chain is single pathway of energy transfer from upper to lower. |
Food web is made of several interconnecting pathways. |
|
One individual occupies one trophic level at a time. |
One individual occupies many trophic level at a time. |
|
It decreases stability of the ecological system and less adaptive. |
It increases stability of the ecological system and more adaptive. |
(e) Litter and detritus
|
Litter |
Detritus |
|
Litter contains all kinds of waste materials above the surface of the earth. |
Detritus contains dead animals and plants below and above the surface of the earth. |
|
It contains both biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable wastes. |
It contains only biodegradable wastes. |
(f) Primary and secondary productivity
|
Primary productivity |
Secondary productivity |
|
Rate of amount of production of organic matter by producers over a period of time. |
Rate of amount of production of organic matter by consumers over a period of time. |
|
It is due to photosynthesis. |
It is due to herbivory and predation. |
Posted on 12th Nov 2021 09:57:05 in
Question 6) Distinguish between
(a) Grazing food chain and detritus food chain
(b) Production and decomposition
(c) Upright and inverted pyramid
(d) Food chain and Food web
(e) Litter and detritus
(f) Primary and secondary productivity
Answer
(a) Grazing food chain and detritus food chain
|
Grazing food chain |
Detritus food chain |
|
In this food chain, energy is derived from the Sun. |
In this food chain, energy comes from organic matter (or detritus) generated in trophic levels of the grazing food chain. |
|
It begins with producers, present at the first trophic level. |
It begins with detritus such as dead bodies of animals or fallen leaves, which are then eaten by decomposers or detritivores. |
|
This food chain is usually large. |
It is usually smaller as compared to the grazing food chain. |
(b) Production and decomposition
|
Production |
Decomposition |
|
It is the rate of producing organic matter (food) by producers. |
It is the process of breaking down of complex organic matter or biomass from the body of dead plants and animals with the help of decomposers into organic raw materials. |
|
It depends on the photosynthetic capacity of the producers. |
It occurs with the help of decomposers. |
|
Sunlight is required by plants for primary production. |
Sunlight is not required for decomposition by decomposers. |
(c) Upright and inverted pyramid
|
Upright pyramid |
Inverted pyramid |
|
The pyramid of energy is always upright. |
The pyramid of biomass and the pyramid of numbers can be inverted. |
|
The number and biomass of organisms in the producer level of an ecosystem is the highest, which keeps on decreasing at each trophic level in a food chain. |
The number and biomass of organisms in the producer level of an ecosystem is the lowest, which keeps on increasing at each tropic level. Light is not required for decomposition by decomposers |
(d) Food chain and Food web
|
Food chain |
Food web |
|
Food chain is single pathway of energy transfer from upper to lower. |
Food web is made of several interconnecting pathways. |
|
One individual occupies one trophic level at a time. |
One individual occupies many trophic level at a time. |
|
It decreases stability of the ecological system and less adaptive. |
It increases stability of the ecological system and more adaptive. |
(e) Litter and detritus
|
Litter |
Detritus |
|
Litter contains all kinds of waste materials above the surface of the earth. |
Detritus contains dead animals and plants below and above the surface of the earth. |
|
It contains both biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable wastes. |
It contains only biodegradable wastes. |
(f) Primary and secondary productivity
|
Primary productivity |
Secondary productivity |
|
Rate of amount of production of organic matter by producers over a period of time. |
Rate of amount of production of organic matter by consumers over a period of time. |
|
It is due to photosynthesis. |
It is due to herbivory and predation. |
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