Question 11. Explain briefly (a) PCR (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA (c) Chitinase

Question 11. Explain briefly (a) PCR (b) Restriction enzymes and DNA (c) Chitinase- Hosting Precise

Posted on 12th Nov 2021 08:06:23 in

Question 11. Explain briefly
(a) PCR
(b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
(c) Chitinase

Answer:

(a) PCR

= Polymerase chain reaction (in vitro method) is a molecular biological technique for enzymatically replicating DNA without using a living organism, such as E. coli or yeast.
3 steps in PCR are –

Denaturation of desired double strand DNA-to ssDNA.
Annealing of primer to ssDNA (single standard).
Extension of primer by Taq DNA polymerase isolated form Thermits aquaticus.

Uses – Amplification of desired gene/gene cloning.
Advantage- More output, greater efficiency, less error prone, less human interference and cyclic and automated.

(b) Restriction enzymes and DNA

– Restriction enzymes is a group of enzymes used to cleave or cut DNA strands each having a characteristics base sequence at which it cleaves.

It restricts foreign DNA from entering normal cell by digesting it at various recognition site. Recognition site is palindromic.
They are endonuclease and exonuclease both types.
They produces sticky ends. Cleavage site and recognition site are different from each other. Restriction enzymes therefore are believed to be a mechanism evolved by bacteria to resist viral attack and to help in the removal of viral sequences.

Chitinase is a enzyme to digest or breakdown glycosidic bonds in chitin cell wall of fungal cell to facilitate its transformation.'

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