Posted on 22nd Mar 2022 12:26:32 in

2. In the account of brick making, bidi rolling, software engineers or mines that are described in the boxes, describe the social composition of the workers.

What are the working conditions and facilities available? How do girls like Madhu feel about their work?

Ans.

1. Social institution like caste, kinship, networks, gender and regions also influence the way the work is organized or the way in which products are marketed.
    
2. In certain jobs and departments we find more women working than the men. For example, they are working more in numbers in nursing or teaching jobs than in other sectors like engineering.
    
3. In India, over 90% of the work, whether it is in agriculture, industry or services is in the unorganized or informal sector.
    
4. Very few people have the experience of employment in large firms where they get to meet people from other regions and backgrounds.
    
5. Urban settings do provide some corrective to this your neighbours in a city may be from a different place – by and large, work for most Indians is still in small-scale workplaces.
    
6. Nearly 60% were employed in the primary sector (agriculture and mining), 17% in the secondary sector (manufacturing, construction and utilities), and 23% in the tertiary sector (trade, transport, financial services, etc.).
    
7. The share of agriculture has declined sharply, and services contribute approximately half. This is a very serious situation because it means that the sector where the maximum people are employed is not able to generate much income for them.
    
8. India is still largely an agricultural country. The service sector – shops, banks, the IT industry, hotels and other services are employing more people and the urban middle class is growing, along with urban middle class values like those we see in television serials and films.
    
9. But we also see that very few people in India have access to secure jobs, with even the small number in regular salaried employment becoming more insecure due to the rise in contract labour.
    
10. Employment by the government was a major avenue for increasing the well-being of the population, but now even that is coming  down.
     
11. Girls like Madhu enjoy their work of rolling of  bidis and filling of tobacco rolled tendu leaves.
     
12. They get opportunity to sit close to their family members and other women and listen to their chat. They spend most of their time in  work in factory of bidis.
     
13. Due to long hours of sitting in the same posture daily, they suffer from backache. Madhu wants to restart her schooling.